Psychology Y163 Tma2 Free Essays

Drawing on appropriate evidence from Chapter 5, describe how groups can influence people in positive and negative ways. For this task I will be studying how groups of people that we have in our lives can affect us in both a positive and a negative way, such as peer pressure from a social group or pressure from family. From a very early age we are influenced by the people around us. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Y163 Tma2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we are in good company and the right crowd we will be affected positively, on the other hand if we are amongst bad company and fall into the wrong crowd we will be affected negatively.To start with I will look at some of the more positive effects that groups of people can have on us as individuals. For example if you are around a good group of friends as you are growing up going into adulthood, this can play a vital role in shaping your personality, and their influences, could change you for the better. An example of how groups can influence us in a positive way is â€Å"Kondo’s Story† taken from â€Å"starting with psychology† (2010). In this extract from her own book Kondo describes what life is like as a Japanese American and how she tried to fit in with both of her cultures.Although at first she was not accustomed to the Japanese way of doing things in time she began to feel a positive feeling for the Japanese family she was staying with and began to want to behave in a Japanese way. So by the end of the extract she not only feels like an American woman but a Japanese woman also. Spending time with a positive group of Japanese people, made her understand her Japanese roots, traditions and etiquette that are part of their everyday life. As she started to fit in more and more she described how pleased she felt.Looking at what others do around you can bring about a positive change in your way of thinking and how you live your life. Groups will often shape who you are. It doesn’t have to be a close group of friends it could be just people you are regularly around. For example if you are with people who dress smart, are in a stable job and speak in correct English. You will most likely pick up their traits. You will feel this is right and will follow. Muzafer Sherif l (1961) carried out a number of experiments that involved young boys at a summer camp.The experiment worked by splitting the boys into two groups. As time went on the boys in each group became closer and more competitive. A tournament was arranged and although some aggression was noted other good behaviour stood out such as group loyalty, solidarity and co operation. As the experiment progressed they introduced games which required both groups to work with each other in a positive way which was highly successful. Experiments like this one show that group influence can be a positive one.For the next part of this task I will look at the negative effects that groups of people can often have on us. There are times in all of our lives when we have done certain things or lead a certain lifestyle due to the influence of the people around us. You can find yourself blindly imitating something that you know is wrong but the urge to â€Å"follow the crowd† is so great you ignore what you know is right. Example of negative group influence â€Å"Starting with Psychology (2010), an experiment carried out in America by Phillip Zimbardo in 1971.He and his colleagues set up a fake prison situation and randomly chose a group of men to act as the guards or the prisoners over a period of two weeks. However after just six days the experiment had to come to an end after both of the groups took their assigned roles too seriously. Both sides were showing worrying signs of brutality and emotional disturbance. This experiment showed just how quickly normal rational men could become violent and aggressive when expected to act in a certain way.We have all been in situations were we realise something is expected of us. It is interesting to see, in this example, how easy it would be to conform and fall into the roles that are given to us by others. Another example I will refer to is Solomon Asch’s study in the 1950’s. You and 6 other people are seated around a table. The whole group is shown a picture of a straight vertical line. You are then shown three more lines of differing lengths. Everyone is then asked to pick out the line that matches the original one.You then each give your answer out loud. However, six of these people are in on the experiment and deliberately give the wrong answer. Out of 50 of the people involved 75% of them gave the wrong and followed what the others said, even though the right answer was clearly obvious. Surely this shows how negative group influence can be on one’s behaviour. This experiment was harmless, but outside the confines of studies and experiments, following people and trusting others instincts rather than your own conscious could have serious consequences.I think I have shown in the pieces of evidence that I have used, groups can be a good and bad influence. They can provide us with stability, friendship and the feeling of belonging and loyalty as shown in my first 2 pieces of evidence. They can also be damaging and harmful when used by others to lead and deceive people who are vulnerable as shown in I believe we have all experienced some kind of group influence in our lives whether good or bad. In my opinion these experiences make us who we are and are important part of our lives How to cite Psychology Y163 Tma2, Papers

Financial Law Foreign Banks and Mortgage Lending

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Lawfor Foreign Banks and Mortgage Lending. Answer: Discussion The current study is based on Bill Jones a public servant who has recently been married to Mary. After getting married, they are in need of a new house and therefore they need to take a mortgage in order to purchase a house. Therefore, the couple has referred to a mortgage broker Fred who will help them in getting their mortgage sanctioned. The actions that are required by Fred Smith in order provide services to Bill and Mary requires various actions and operations. Fred firstly needs to know about the financial status of the couple and their past history about any loans or mortgages taken earlier. The term of repayment is also made ware as it predicts the reputation of the client (Bohle 2014). After getting to know the financial and personal information of the couple, Fred undertakes the procedure to initiate the loan procedure (Dagher and Kazimov 2015). The first step involves defining the consumer credit and making the couple aware of the credit contract, which means defining the interest rate, the term of loan, type of loan and the fees that need to be paid in order to get the loan sanctioned. The next activity involves defining the legislation under the National Consumer Credit Protection Act 2009 (Massey et al. 2016). Fred ensures that the couple has adequate information to make an informed selection. Fred even in forms the couples about the process they can undertake in case of any disputes. The Responsible Lending Provisions are even explained so that they are aware of all the legal obligations for undertaking the mortgage. The next step involves Responsible Lending where Fred makes enquiries about the financial situation, objectives and needs. The next involves the various steps to verify the information gathered from the couple and make preliminary and final evaluation about the contract suitability (Scharfstein and Sunderam 2014). The credit is provided under a credit contract and all the obligations regarding the loan process are explained to them. The knowledge about the regulations of loan of the financial institution is given so that the couples are aware of all the obligations. Fred needs to undertake these actions in order to provide an efficient service to Bill and Mary. Reference List Bohle, D., 2014. Post-socialist housing meets transnational finance: Foreign banks, mortgage lending, and the privatization of welfare in Hungary and Estonia.Review of International Political Economy,21(4), pp.913-948. Dagher, J. and Kazimov, K., 2015. Banks? liability structure and mortgage lending during the financial crisis.Journal of Financial Economics,116(3), pp.565-582. Massey, D.S., Rugh, J.S., Steil, J.P. and Albright, L., 2016. Riding the Stagecoach to Hell: A Qualitative Analysis of Racial Discrimination in Mortgage Lending.City Community,15(2), pp.118-136. Scharfstein, D. and Sunderam, A., 2014. Market power in mortgage lending and the transmission of monetary policy.September, https://people. hbs. edu/asunderam/Mortgage,20.

Marketing Principles Essay Thesis Example For Students

Marketing Principles Essay Thesis A. Definitions1. ABCABC stands for activity based costing. This is defined as a method which identifies various activities needed to provide a product and determines the cost of these activities. I would say it is a method of breaking down the process of the business’ activity down to its root components. Then the causes of profit losses can be weeded out. For example, in a warehouse setting in which I worked, there were a few major departments which included receiving, stock dept., pick/pack, and shipping department. Merchandise traveled through the warehouse along this pathway. If say, production (boxes shipped) is down, we can specify the cause using this technique. Instead of just knowing that production is down, we may learn that the receiving dock is backed up , which leads to no merchandise for the stock dept., which results in orders being held up on the flows. Management can then find the cause of the backup in receiving and go from there. 2. ADEAStands for the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, which, according to text, prohibits age discrimination and mandatory retirement. It was established in 1967. It pretty much explains itself. Basically, there cannot be a maximum age for employees, and termination can not be based solely on age. A good example of this would be a mother returning to the work force. They may be frowned upon due to their age. I have read somewhere that people over the age of forty are in a protected class, and cannot be discriminated against by virtue of the law. 3. BARSThis stands for Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale. It is defined as a rating technique that relates an employees performance to a specific job related incident. This definition doesn’t really help me. It seems that the procedure is to define certain personality traits that are essential for a certain function, then to rate the prospective employee based on a scale of these trait. For example, someone applying to be a chef would be hired on base on a number of traits, one being prior experience. A ten on the scale would be something like, â€Å"10+ years of experience in a 4 star restaurant†, while a zero would be â€Å"no experience†. The employees â€Å"worth† could be determined by a composite of all these scales. 4. COBRAStands for Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act. This is defined as a policy established in 1985 which required continued health coverage (paid by employee) after job termination. This means that health insurers cannot discriminate base on a person’s employment status. An example would be a victim of a downsized company, forced to work for a company which does not provide health insurance, and so must continue their current plan. 5. E PStands for Effort yields performance, and is defined as: The degree of expectation that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance. I would say, â€Å"Is it worth all the trouble?† For example, no matter how much effort I put into reading a first edition Crime and Punishment, written in Cyrillic figures, my performance in reading Russian will not improve in the least. However, if I put a good deal of effort in actually learning Russian from the beginning, taking a class or reading a how to book, there is a greater chance that my performance will increase. 6. EVAStands for Economic Value Added system. It is defined as a control system that measures after-tax profits minus the cost of capital invested in tangible assets. This , according to text, is intended to capture all the things a company can do to add value from its activities. I would guess that this method roots out all unnecessary assets, as can be shown by increases and decreases in this figure. If a company is buying new real estate every year, this may lead to loss of net profits, if the real estate is purchased carefully. This fact could be discovered using this method. 7.ERG TheoryDefined as a simplification of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This theory has three levels; existence, relatedness, and growth. This is a simplification which makes this psychological theory applicable to the business world. The achievement of these needs make for a satisfied worker. A warehouse worker first want to feel safe and physically comfortable at work (existence), then would like to get along with their fellow employees (relatedness), and finally, would like to know that they are not in a dead end job. If it is 120 degrees in the warehouse, their first need is not met, and therefore no progress will be made. In a comfortable warehouse full of jerks, the worker will still have a ceiling of satisfaction. Finally, even the best environment combined with a dead-end job will make for an unhappy worker. 8. FDAFood and Drug administration, a government agency which approves the safety of food products and drugs as safe for human use. An example of their legislation is the approval of the abortion pill. Although some may believe it is immoral, the FDA still approved it. This is because they felt it was safe for consumption, which is the ethical decision. The FDA is not influenced by moral issues. 9. GATTGeneral Agreement on Tariff Trade, which basically mapped out international trade regulation. The main function is to protect the â€Å"little guy† from unfair trade practices. For example, the United States cannot hamper the chances of a third world county in the global economy, by imposing unfair tariffs, etc. This is an attempt to bride the gap between wealthy and poor nations, which evidently hasn’t accomplished much. 10. HMOStands for health maintenance organization. I couldn’t find much in the text about this one, although I know that it is the same as health insurers. Their major downfall, it seems, is that they have lost a â€Å"human touch†, which is at the root of the medical profession (Hippocratic Oath). For example, possibly an extreme example, a covered person who receives medical service could possibly not be covered because of something like forgetting to cross a â€Å"T†. All business. 11. HRHuman Resources, name for employees, or a department of a company which is responsible for recruiting, hiring, and keeping employees happy. They can implement strategies to departments for particular company goals. The functions of the HR dept. at my company which have affected me include hiring me, referring me to my department, orientation, explanation of benefits, and approval of my tuition assistance. 12. MBOManagement by objective, basically setting goals for employees as a means of management. Problems with this method of management is that it does not account for any major changes in the future. In my warehouse work, we were required to maintain a rate of 75 picks per hour. This is a decent environment for this type of management, since there is no major fluctuation in the work. It failed, however, to account that most of its employees couldn’t count to 75. How does the presentation of life journeys compare between Tita and Mikage in Laura Esquivel's Like Water for Chocolate and Banana Yoshimoto's Kitchen? Essay1. Chaos theory states that the universe is a series of random event, and that one insignificant even could have very far reaching consequences. In order to survive in a chaotic world, a species must be dynamic and adaptable. This is why lower orders of life have outlived higher orders by sometimes immeasurable amounts; their ability to adapt to a changing environment, e.g. ice ages, meteorites, etc. This type of thing can be conveyed to the mindset of a modern, successful company in today’s chaotic global environment. The strong and rigid used to be the most powerful in the stable industrial age, but now the lean, efficient, dynamic company under the new management paradigm will succeed. It’s like an old muscle car. They can beat any car in the straight drag race, but the smaller, light, better designed car will respond much more successfully to the winding, chaotic road. The reason chaos theory has influence management so greatly is because we are now in a chaotic world economy. One hundred years ago, there was no need for anything more progressive and dynamic than the old management paradigm 2. Culture shock is another result of the chaotic, globalizing economy. I have heard that if you don’t know how to bow in Japan, don’t, since it itself is a dialect, and more likely than not, you would end up insulting your host. Also, a firm handshake and eye contact are seen as a threat in Japan, although they are an essential in American culture. For the American who has learned this the hard way, they have experienced culture shock. When an American works or manages in a foreign land, they are almost always bombarded with new values of their new colleagues. It is impossible to determine what is â€Å"right†, and for now, it is essential that we adapt to the mores and ethics of these different cultures. As the global marketplace develops, I believe that all business practices will diffuse and mix with each other, and in time, form one established way of acting in a workplace setting. I could not find much about future shock, so I will wager a guess that it occurs when classically trained managers encounter the new global economy, and watch the demise of all the â€Å"truths† they hold dear, the same way an atheist would feel if she/he saw God face to face. I would also venture a guess that this occurred when the old managers, used to their power, saw their methods lose strength and validity. 3. A mission statement is defined in the text as a broadly stated definition of an organization’s basic business scope and operations that distinguishes it from similar types of organizations. This makes me think of the electronics store, â€Å"Best Buy†. I was browsing in the store when the salesman came up to me and went on to explain how he didn’t work on commission and that he would not pressure me into a high priced product.. The mission statement for that company probably stated that in order to set them apart from other electronics stores. A mission statement focuses the goals of the organization in order to be successful. Possibly methods such as ABC analysis could be used with a mission statement. The functions of the company, or lack thereof could be compared to see if they are consistent with the mission statement, assuming â€Å"success† is not being achieved. If they are, the mission must be changed, if not, the actions can be changed. It is important that the mission statement be flexible, as to â€Å"conform† to the new management paradigm. If it does not take chaos into account, it is likely that the company’s goals will not be achieved. 4. Total quality management (TQM) is defined as a management approach that focuses orgainzationwide attention on delivering total quality to customers and includes (1) employee involvement, (2) focus on the customer, (3) benchmarking, and (4) continuous improvement. This seems like another interpretation of the new management paradigm, as evident by the first part, employee involvement. TQM assumes that the input and involvement of employees is one of the main parts of providing customer satisfaction, which is the goal of any organization, chaos or not. Which leads to focus on the customer. This is a departure from the old focus on profits. In the old paradigm, profits were the measure of success. Now, as we globalize, it is more important to adapt to a variety of needs and desires of a broader base of customers. Benchmarking is setting a standard. This seems like an idea of the old paradigm, i.e. what was good enough yesterday is good enough today. This is not true, although benchmarking is vital as a measure of where not to fall below. This brings us to the fourth part, which is continuous improvement. What was good enough yesterday is NOT good enough today. This should apply to individuals as well as businesses. New benchmarks must be set for success in the chaotic atmosphere. 5. The concept of virtual corporation is the icing on the cake for ideas such as globalization and interdependence. Buy a personal computer and you will see a manifestation of a virtual corporation. 20 years ago, IBM, more or less, made the whole computer (chip, software, harware, etc.) Now when you buy, for example, a new Dell system, you may get a Sony monitor, Microsoft Keyboard, mouse, and operating system, Intel Chip, and a cannon printer. The idea is that Dell focuses on manufacturing the computers. They leave the speed of the chip and the clarity of the monitor to Intel and Sony, respectively. This results in a much more efficient corporation which isn’t â€Å"spread too thin†. It also results in a better product, and more profits for more companies, fueled by high customer satisfaction. One flaw in this type of setup is an interdependency between all of these companies. If Intel is having problems, then 99% of PC manufacturers are having them too. This is rarely the case, since each company is only concerned with the one task at hand. Virtual corporations are just another result of decentralization and more free and faster exchange of goods and ideas. BibliographyPrinciples of Marketing text, 1999Business Essays

Yousif Saleh Essays (972 words) - Epistemology, Skepticism, Doubt

Yousif Saleh Philyaw, 3rd AP Lang 11/29/15 Relationship between Certainty and Doubt The generic notion that miracles can be made with certainty seems unrealistic. This belief claims that anything can be achieved with the impossible being surpassed. However, there are set boundaries and limits that restrict a person from accomplishing "virtually anything" as Phelps asserts. Rarely can someone be certain about an issue because there are many factors that cause doubt. Certainty can create many complications in one's mindset, making them oblivious to other options. It is impractical to obtain "absolute certainty" as doubt plays a necessary role to success. Doubt is crucial to the attainment of success as it makes one open-minded and causes them to consider other opportunities and view things in different perspectives. Both certainty and doubt are needed to be successful. If either one is more prevalent than the other, then it breaks the balance between them and results in imminent failure. The dominance of doubt renders a person from achieving anything. With both notion s intact, certainty can motivate someone to accomplish their desires and dreams, while doubt can force someone to realize the roadblocks standing in the way, and thus working out ways to solve the issues. When used accordingly then can someone achieve "virtually anything" as Phelps says. As stated in the previous paragraph, without the equality of both perspectives it is nearly impossible to obtain success. When certainty triumphs over doubt, it causes someone to be blinded by their belief. This blindness gives rise to inevitable failure because only the outcome is contemplated. For example, a stockowner should never place all his/her investments into one business because once the business shuts down, it leads to either bankruptcy or the loss of money. It's the same concept of putting all your eggs into one basket, if anything happens to the basket, you lose your eggs in a swift and painful moment. The certainty that a business will succeed is being idealistic because there might be situations that can lead businesses to shut down, for example the weather. A hurricane can without a doubt destroy a business. With doubt, comes insurance, which is always the best way to prepare for the worst. Getting back to the example with the stockowner, if the stockowner has the sam e amount of doubt as certainty, then he/she will invest in many business. Doubt will make the stockowner hesitate to fully trust one business and will prompt him/her to consider more options. Also, Phelps perspective of how anything is possible seems too good to be true. Obviously, there are factors that prevent the impossible. Phelps uses "absolute certainty" lightly because there is no way someone can have absolute certainty. Nothing in this world is perfect and there are many flaws in everything that exists in the world. One example of this is a proposal, no man is certain that the woman he wants to marry, will say yes. This includes couples who are head over heels, and those that have been in the relationship in a long time. They have already developed a committed relationship, yet there will always be nerves leading up to the proposal, which is universally common. Phelps affirms that one can "accomplish virtually anything" as if nothing in the world is impossible. Impossible fe ats have been accomplished, but only because doubt made the entity strive for perfection. The same implications apply for doubt, the dominance of doubt over certainty will cause hesitation that will prevent anything from getting done. Doubting oneself isn't a positive measure as it generates cowardness and fearfulness. With these thoughts it is nearly hopeless to be motivated. An example of this type of hopelessness, is someone who is unhappy because he/she is stuck at a dead end job and continues to work there because they feel as though they are not qualified for any other job. They make excuses to need apply to other jobs, because in their minds, they think that they will never obtain another job. There must be certainty to achieve one's goals and dreams to set the quality between them. With a little bit of certainty, someone can have hope. The equilibrium of these two ideals are necessary for success in life.

Severe Emotional Disturbances (SED) Classrooms

Severe Emotional Disturbances (SED) Classrooms Self-contained classrooms for students designated with emotional disturbances need to create a structured and safe environment for students with behavioral and emotional disabilities to learn appropriate ways to interact with peers and adults. The final goal of a self-contained program is for students to exit and join the general education population in regular classrooms. Students with SEDs may be included in general education classrooms with support from a special educator. In many cases, when a students behavior puts him or herself at risk or threatens typical peers, they may be placed in self-contained settings. Sometimes, when children have come to the attention of law enforcement because of violent or destructive behavior, they may return from some form of confinement to a residential program. Decisions are often made on LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) based on the safety of the student, peers, and teachers. Because these special placements are very expensive, many school districts look to self-contained programs to help students with Severe Emotional Disturbances re-enter the general education population. Critical Elements of a Successful Classroom Structure, Structure, Structure: Your classroom needs to exude structure. Desks should be in rows, evenly spaced (maybe even measure and mark each spot with tape) and should be aligned so that students cannot make faces at each other. Trust me, theyll try. Classroom rules and reinforcement charts need to be clearly displayed. Be sure that all materials or resources are easily available, and that your classroom layout requires as little movement as possible. Students with Emotional Disturbances will use sharpening a pencil as an opportunity to annoy a neighbor. Routines: I make no bones about the fact that I am a devotee of Harry Wongs excellent book, The First Days of School, which lays out ways to create routines for a classroom to run smoothly. You teach the routines, you practice the routines, and then you make very sure that everyone (even you) follows the routines and executes them with fidelity. Routines require a teacher to anticipate the sorts of challenges he or she will meet. Its wise for new teachers or new emotional support teachers to ask a veteran special educator to help them anticipate the kinds of problems that you will meet in an Emotional Disturbance program so you can build routines that will avoid those pitfalls. A Token Economy: A lottery system works well in general education classrooms to reward and reinforce appropriate behavior, but students in an Emotional Disturbance classroom need ongoing reinforcement for appropriate replacement behavior. A token economy can be designed in a way that connects it to individual behavior plans (BIP) or a behavior contract to identify target behaviors. Reinforcement and Consequences: A self contained classroom needs to be rich in reinforcers. They can be preferred items, preferred activities, and access to the computer or media. Make it clear that these reinforcers can be earned through following rules and appropriate behavior. Consequences also need to be clearly defined and clearly explained so students know what those consequences are and under what circumstances they are put in place. Obviously, students cant be allowed to suffer natural consequences, (i.e. if you run in the street you get hit by a car) but instead should experience logical consequences. Logical Consequences are a feature of Adlerian psychology, popularized by Jim Fay, co-author of Parenting with Love and Logic. Logical consequences have a logical connection to the behavior: if you tear up your shirt during a rant, you get to wear my ugly, ill-fitting shirt. Reinforcement needs to be things that your students actually find important enough to work for: although age appropriate is the mantra of the day, if behavior is extreme, the most important factor has to be that it works. Create menus of appropriate reinforcers from which students can choose. Choose or design reinforcers that you can pair with replacement behaviors. For example, a certain number of days with a certain number of points, and the student gets to eat lunch in the lunch room with a partner class. A certain number of day with a certain number of points might also earn a student the opportunity to invite a typical peer to play a game in the ED room.

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

International trade - Essay Example Finally, it comments on the validity of the model and its implications in today’s world. Before discussing the content of the model, it is important to know the assumptionson which the model is based. As already discussed this model assumes that there are two countries producing two goods, having two homogeneous factors of production. It is also assumed that technologies prevailing in the two countries are identical. Production of the two commodities abides by the conditions of constant returns to scale. One of the two commodities uses one of the two factors of production more intensively in comparison to the other. The existence of perfect competition is assumed in both commodities and factor markets. Factor mobility prevails within the same country but not among different countries. Tastes are also considered to be similar between the two countries. Finally, it is assumed that there are no trade barriers and no costs incurred for transportation. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory states that a capital abundant country exports commodities which are capital intensive and the co untry which is labour abundant exports commodities exports labour intensive commodities. This model has been explained with the help of a diagram. The country which is exporting is referred as the foreign country and the country importing is referred to as the home country. It is assumed that the home country and the foreign country is exporting commodity 1 and 2 respectively. Then, according to the assumption, the home country exports good 1, while the good 2 is exported by the foreign country. To prove this, a particular case of factor endowment difference is considered, L/K > L*/K*, and it is also assumed that labour endowments in both countries remain identical. Thus, L = L*. The capital endowment in the foreign country exceeds that in the home country, i.e. K > K*. In order to determine the

How democratic is the electoral college, based on the principals and Essay

How democratic is the electoral college, based on the principals and philosophies of the Framers of the Constitution - Essay Example In a bid to achieve this objective, USA has had various ways of electing the president. General elections and the electoral colleges are the main avenues for identifying or selecting the president. In every presidential election, the two methods are used (Dahl, 2001). However, the Electoral College method usually supersedes the general election method, that is, a person with the majority of votes from the general election may fail to be the president on the basis of the Electoral College method. The Framers of the American Constitution settled on the Electoral Colleges method as a way of deciding the winner of a presidential election amidst it flows. It is important to understand how democratic the Electoral College method is within the selection of a president. This would include how the framers would evaluate the Electoral College on the basis of their founding philosophies and writing. In addition, it is important to understand what the framers would think about American governmen t today and the intentions they had as well as the objectives and aims that they (framers) wanted to accomplish in establishing a new nation. Lastly, a deeper understanding of this concept would require a comparison of the theories and structures in the classical era with those in present day realities concerning the Electoral College. ... The constitution as prepared by the framers does not reflect their views, intentions, and accomplishments as highlighted later in this discussion. It is an event that whereas the framers would have wanted an American society where the executive is selected by encrypted electors, the reality is that the American executive is selected by the manipulated, partisan, political agents, and non-representative electors. The framers would view the American government as not only undemocratic but also formed on the basis of any protected interests. Electors are usually appointed by the states in correspondence to the number of senators and other legislative representatives (Williams, 2011). It is believed that the appointment of the electors aims at protecting the interests of the smaller states, which on the basis of the framers is against the bill of rights entrenched within the constitution. Proponents for the removal of the electoral system argue that the government is formed for the peopl e and not the states (Dahl, 2001). Besides, this was the main intention and objective of the framers. The objective of the framers in entrenching the Electoral College system within the selection of the president was to have men and women of virtue and outstanding characters to select the president. Many individuals such as James Madison continue to believe that the apportionment of the electors within the Electoral Colleges goes beyond the protection of American citizens as entrenched within the Bill of Rights (Williams, 2011). One question that James Madison asks is whether the less populated states have additional rights or interests that make them entitled to special protection against the unequal representation. In this question, it